Aufhauser brazing and welding Alloys

C521 Phosphor Bronze C

Nominal Chemical
Composition

⇩ Product Data Sheet

Download Datasheet (PDF)

⇩ Safety Data Sheet

Download SDS
(PDF)

INTRODUCTION

Aufhauser Phosphor Bronze C filler metal is used quite extensively for surfacing applications. The higher tin content, at 7-9%, gives Phos-Bronze C weld deposits greater hardness and higher tensile/yield strength than C518 (Phos-Bronze A). When gas tungsten arc welding with Phos-Bronze C, preheating is recommended.

APPLICATIONS

Joining brass and bronze alloys and joining cast iron to carbon steel.
Phos-Bronze C is harder and stronger than Phos-Bronze A and should be used for welding phosphor bronzes, high strength bronzes and brasses. The alloy's color matches phosphor bronze well.

GENERAL INFORMATION

Chemical Composition

Copper	Iron	Lead	Phosphorus	Tin	Aluminum	Zinc
Remainder	0.10	0.05	0.03-0.35	7.0-9.0	0.01	0.20

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Copper and its alloys require a relatively high heat input with shortened welding time. Higher preheat temperatures and faster welding rates than for steel are necessary.

PHYSICAL and MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

Melting Point - Liquidus	1880°F (1027°C)
Solidus	1620°F (882°C)
Density at 68°F	0.318 lb/in³
Electrical Conductivity at 68°F	13.0 %IACS
Thermal Conductivity at 68°F	36 Btu/ft²/ft hr/°F
Electrical Resistivity at 68°F	79.8 ohms-cmil/ft
Modulus of Elasticity-Tension	16,000 ksi
Modulus of Rigidity	6,000 ksi
Specific Heat Capacity at 68°F	0.09 Btu/lb/°F
Specific Gravity	8.8
Elongation in 2"	33%
Rockwell B Hardness	85

FABRICATION PROPERTIES

Joining Technique	Suitability
Soldering	Excellent
Brazing	Excellent
Oxacetylene Welding	Fair
Gas Shielded Arc Welding	Good
Coated Metal Arc Welding	Fair
Spot Weld	Good
Seam Weld	Fair
Butt Weld	Excellent
Capacity for Being Cold Worked	Good
Machinability Rating	20

SPECIFICATIONS MEET OR EXCEED

ASTM B159/B159M (Phosphor Bronze wire)

AWS A5.15 (Welding rods)

ASTM B139/B139M (Phosphor Bronze rod)

SAE J461 (Wrought and cast copper alloys)

SAE J463 (Wrought copper and copper alloys)

STANDARD SIZES AND DIAMETERS

Size	Cast (12" Spool)	Helix (12" Spool)
3/32 or 1/8 x 36" rod	N/A	N/A
0.035" dia. x 30 lb. spl	15-40"	< 1"
0.045" dia. x 30 lb. spl	15-40"	< 1"
0.062" dia. x 30 lb. spl	15-40"	< 1"

GMAW (MIG) Parameters (DC Reverse Polarity) Electrode Positive Spray transfer

Wire Diameter	Amps	Volts	Argon (cfh)	Wire Feed (ipm)
0.030"	130-140	25-26	25	340-450
0.035"	140-160	26-27	30	280-400
0.045"	165-185	27-28	30	200-300
1/16"	285-335	28-30	40	150-210

GTAW (TIG) Parameters (DCSP)² Electrode negative or ACHF

Material	2% Thoriated²	Filler Wire Size	Amps (DC)	Amps (AC)	Gas Cup	Argon (cfh)
1/16"	1/16"	1/16"	100-120	100-120	3/8-1/2	15
3/32"-1/8"	3/32"	3/32"	185-205	165-195	7/16-1/2	15
3/16"-1/2"	1/8"	3/32"-1/8"	300-350	255-300	7/16-1/2	20
1/2"-1"	3/16"	1/8"	615-640	440-485	1/2	25

TYPICAL USES FOR ALLOY C521

Product Category	Product	Reason Category	Reason
Architecture	Bridge Bearing Plates	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Bridge Bearing Plates	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Bridge Bearing Plates	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Bridge Bearing Plates	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Bridge Bearing Plates	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
Building	Thermostat Bellows	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Thermostat Bellows	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Thermostat Bellows	Mechanical Properties	Fatigue Resistance
Consumer	Coinage	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Coinage	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Cymbals	Appearance	Color
	Cymbals	Damping Characteristics	Sonority
	Cymbals	Mechanical Properties	Strength
	Power Conductor for Electro-Surgical Pencil	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Power Conductor for Electro-Surgical Pencil	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Power Conductor for Electro-Surgical Pencil	Mechanical Properties	Spring Properties
Electrical	Cold Headed Parts	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Cold Headed Parts	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Cold Headed Parts	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Cold Headed Parts	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Cold Headed Parts	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Electrical Connectors	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Electrical Connectors	Forming Characteristics	Excellent Formability
	Electrical Connectors	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Electrical Connectors	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Electrical Flexing Contact Blades	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Electrical Flexing Contact Blades	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Electrical Flexing Contact Blades	Mechanical Properties	High Endurance Limit
	Electrical Flexing Contact Blades	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Electrical Flexing Contact Blades	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Electronic Connectors	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Electronic Connectors	Forming Characteristics	Excellent Formability
	Electronic Connectors	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Electronic Connectors	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Fuse Clips	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Fuse Clips	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Fuse Clips	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Fuse Clips	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Fuse Clips	Solderability	Solderability
	Fuse Clips	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Switch Parts	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Switch Parts	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Switch Parts	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Switch Parts	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Switch Parts	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Switch Parts	Solderability	Solderability
	Switch Parts	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Wire Brushes	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Wire Brushes	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Wire Brushes	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Wire Brushes	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Wire Brushes	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Wire Brushes	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
Fasteners	Cotter Pins	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Cotter Pins	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Cotter Pins	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Cotter Pins	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Fasteners, Heavy Duty	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Fasteners, Heavy Duty	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Fasteners, Heavy Duty	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Lock Washers	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Lock Washers	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Lock Washers	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Lock Washers	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
Industrial	Beater Bar	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Beater Bar	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Beater Bar	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Beater Bar	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Beater Bar	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Bellows	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Bellows	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Bellows	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Bourdon Tubing	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Bourdon Tubing	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Bourdon Tubing	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Bourdon Tubing	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Chemical hardware	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Chemical hardware	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Chemical hardware	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Clips, Heavy Duty	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Clips, Heavy Duty	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Clips, Heavy Duty	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Clips, Heavy Duty	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Clutch Disks	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Clutch Disks	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Clutch Disks	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Clutch Disks	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Cold Headed Parts	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Cold Headed Parts	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Cold Headed Parts	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Cold Headed Parts	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Cold Headed Parts	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Diaphragms	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Diaphragms	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Diaphragms	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Diaphragms	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Doctor Blades, Paper Industry	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Doctor Blades, Paper Industry	Friction & Wear Properties	Good Wear Resistance
	Doctor Blades, Paper Industry	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Gears	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Gears	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Gears	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Gears	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Perforated Sheets	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Perforated Sheets	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Perforated Sheets	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Pinions	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Pinions	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Pinions	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Pinions	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Pneumatic Hammers	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Pneumatic Hammers	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Pneumatic Hammers	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Pneumatic Hammers	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Pneumatic Hammers	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Sleeve Bushings	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Sleeve Bushings	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Sleeve Bushings	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Sleeve Bushings	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Springs, Heavy Duty	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Springs, Heavy Duty	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Springs, Heavy Duty	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Springs, Heavy Duty	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Springs, Helical Extension	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Springs, Helical Extension	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Springs, Helical Extension	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Springs, Helical Extension	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Springs, Helical Torsion	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Springs, Helical Torsion	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Springs, Helical Torsion	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Springs, Helical Torsion	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Textile machinery	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Textile machinery	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Textile machinery	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Textile machinery	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Thrust Bearings	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Thrust Bearings	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Thrust Bearings	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Thrust Bearings	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Thrust Bearings	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Truss Wire	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Truss Wire	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Truss Wire	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Truss Wire	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Welding Wire	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Welding Wire	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Welding Wire	Corrosion Resistance	Oxidation Resistance
	Welding Wire	Softening Resistance	Resistance to Thermal Softening
	Well Drill Equipment	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Well Drill Equipment	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Well Drill Equipment	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Well Drill Equipment	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Well Drill Equipment	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
Marine	Marine Parts	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Marine Parts	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Marine Parts	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance to Salt Water
	Marine Parts	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Marine Parts	Mechanical Properties	High Strength

CORROSION PROPERTIES ALLOY C521

Environmental Category	Specific Environment	Resistance Level	Corrosion notes
Alkali	Aluminum Hydroxide	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Ammonium Hydroxide	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Barium Carbonate	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Barium Hydroxide	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Black Liquor, Sulfate Process	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Calcium Hydroxide	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Lime	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Lime-Sulfur	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Magnesium Hydroxide	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Potassium Carbonate	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Potassium Hydroxide	Good	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Bicarbonate	Good	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Carbonate	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Hydroxide	Good	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Phosphate	Excellent
	Sodium Silicate	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Sulfide	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
Atmosphere	Atmosphere, Industrial	Excellent	Affected by pollutants and other environmental factors. Hydrogen sulfide causes rapid tarnishing.
	Atmosphere, Marine	Excellent	Protective green basic copper chloride or carbonate patina.
	Atmosphere, Rural	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
Chlor. organic	Carbon Tetrachloride, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Carbon Tetracholoride, Moist	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures
	Chloroform, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Ethyl Chloride	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Methyl Chloride, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Trichlorethylene, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Trichlorethylene, Moist	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures
Fatty acid	Oleic Acid	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Palmitic Acid	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Stearic Acid	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
Food/beverage	Beer	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Beet Sugar Syrups	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Cane Sugar Syrups	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Carbonated Beverages	Good	Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste.
	Carbonated Water	Good	Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste.
	Cider	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Coffee	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Corn Oil	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Cottonseed Oil	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Fruit Juices	Good	Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste.
	Gelatine	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Milk	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Sugar Solutions	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Vinegar	Good	Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste.
Gas	Ammonia, Absolutely Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Ammonia, Moist	Poor	More corrosion resistant in dry gas
	Carbon Dioxide, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion increases with trace of moisture
	Carbon Dioxide, Moist	Good	More corrosion resistant in dry gas
	Hydrogen	Excellent	Copper and copper alloys containing copper oxide susceptible to attack
	Nitrogen	Excellent	Resistant at cryogenic and room temperatures
	Oxygen	Excellent	Scaling at elevated temperatures
Halogen gas	Bromine, Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Bromine, Moist	Good	More corrosion resistant in dry gas
	Chlorine, Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Chlorine, Moist	Fair	More corrosion resistant in dry gas
Hydrocarbon	Acetylene	Poor	Forms explosive compound in presence of moisture
	Asphalt	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Benzine	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Benzol	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Butane	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Creosote	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Crude Oil	Good	Careful consideration must be given to specific contaminants when selecting materials for this complex environment
	Freon	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Fuel Oil	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Gasoline	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Hydrocarbons, Pure	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Kerosene	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Natural Gas	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Paraffin	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Propane	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Tar	Not Recommended	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Turpentine	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
Inorganic acid - non-oxidizing	Boric Acid	Excellent	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
	Carbolic Acid	Good	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
	Hydrobromic Acid	Fair	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
	Hydrochloric Acid	Fair	Generally limted to applications in cold, oxidizer free, dilute (<1%) or concentrated solutions
	Hydrocyanic Acid	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Hydrofluoric Acid	Fair	Generally limted to applications in cold, oxidizer free, dilute (<1%) or concentrated solutions
	Hydrofluosilicic Acid	Good	Generally limted to applications in cold, oxidizer free, dilute (<1%) or concentrated solutions
	Phosphoric Acid	Good	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
	Sulfuric Acid	Good	Not suitable for hot concentrated solutions
Inorganic acid - oxidizing	Chromic Acid	Poor	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Nitric Acid	Poor	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Sulfurous Acid	Good	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
Liquid metal	Mercury	Poor	Severe liquid metal embrittlement
Miscellaneous	Glue	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Linseed Oil	Good	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Rosin	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Sewage	Excellent	Corrosion affected by salt concentration, temperature, velocity, dissolved oxygen content and pollutants.
	Soap Solutions	Excellent	Corrosion affected by salt concentration, temperature, velocity, dissolved oxygen content and pollutants.
	Varnish	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
Neutral/acid salt	Alum	Good
	Alumina	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Aluminum Chloride	Good	Strong agitation and aeration increases corrosion
	Aluminum Sulfate	Good	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Ammonium Chloride	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Ammonium Sulfate	Fair	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Barium Chloride	Good	Strong agitation and aeration increases corrosion
	Barium Sulfate	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Barium Sulfide	Fair	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Calcium Chloride	Excellent	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Carbon Disulfide	Good	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Magnesium Chloride	Good	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Magnesium Sulfate	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Potassium Chloride	Excellent	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Potassium Cyanide	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Potassium Dichromate Acid	Poor	Highly oxidizing under acidic conditions
	Potassium Sulfate	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Sodium Bisulfate	Good	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Sodium Chloride	Excellent	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Sodium Cyanide	Poor	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Sodium Dichromate, Acid	Poor	Highly oxidizing under acidic conditions
	Sodium Sulfate	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Sodium Sulfite	Good	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Sodium Thiosulfate	Fair	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Zinc Chloride	Fair	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Zinc Sulfate	Good	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
Organic solvent	Acetone	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Alcohols	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Amyl Acetate	Excellent
	Amyl Alcohol	Excellent
	Butyl Alcohol	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Ethers	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Ethyl Acetate	Excellent
	Ethyl Alcohol	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Lacquer Solvents	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Methyl Alcohol	Excellent
	Toluene	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
Organic acid	Acetic Acid	Good	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Acetic Anhydride	Good	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Benzoic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Butyric Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Chloracetic Acid	Good	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Citric Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Formic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Lactic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Oxalic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Tannic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Tartaric Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Trichloracetic Acid	Good	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
Organic compound	Aniline	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Aniline Dyes	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Castor Oil	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Ethylene Glycol	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Formaldehyde	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Furfural	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Glucose	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Glycerine	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Lacquers	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
Oxidizing salt	Ammonium Nitrate	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Bleaching Powder, Wet	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Borax	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Bordeaux Mixture	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Calcium Bisulfite	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Calcium Hypochlorite	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Copper Chloride	Fair	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Copper Nitrate	Fair	Oxidizing environment
	Copper Sulfate	Good	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Ferric Chloride	Poor	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Ferric Sulfate	Poor	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Ferrous Chloride	Good	Strong agitation and aeration increases corrosion
	Ferrous Sulfate	Good	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Hydrogen Peroxide	Good	Oxidizing environment
	Mercury Salts	Poor	Noble metal salt, plates on copper surface
	Potassium Chromate	Excellent	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Silver Salts	Poor	Noble metal salt, plates on copper surface
	Sodium Bisulfite	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Sodium Chromate	Excellent	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Sodium Hypochlorite	Fair	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Sodium Nitrate	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Sodium Peroxide	Fair	Oxidizing environment
Sulfur compound	Hydrogen Sulfide, Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Hydrogen Sulfide, Moist	Poor	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Sulfur Chloride, Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Sulfur Dioxide, Dry	Excellent	Scaling at elevated temperatures
	Sulfur Dioxide, Moist	Good	Mixed oxide and sulfide scale forms
	Sulfur Trioxide, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion increases with trace of moisture
	Sulfur, Dry	Good	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Sulfur, Molten	Poor	Forms non-protective copper sulfide
Water	Brines	Excellent	Increased corrosion with oxidizers, e.g. oxygen (air), chlorine, hypochlorites and ferric ions. Refer to specific salt solution ratings.
	Mine Water	Fair	Acidic waters containing oxidizers are highly corrosive.
	Sea Water	Excellent	Corrosion affected by salt concentration, temperature, dissolved oxygen content and pollutants. Erosion-corrosion at moderate velocities.
	Steam	Excellent	Resistant to pure steam. Carbon dixide, dissolved oxygen or ammonia can increase corrosion.
	Water, Potable	Excellent	Corrosion affected by water chemistry (mineral content, acidity) system design and fabrication. Free carbon dioxide can cause pitting in cold water. Pitting in hot water caused by cathodic deposits. Erosion-corrosion at high velocities.